We at Young Pioneer Tours have more than a passing interest in the unrecognised countries of the world. But what, exactly, is an unrecognised country? The answer is nothing if not complicated, and there’s a whole spectrum of unrecognised countries and partially recognised countries throughout the world. Here, we take a look at the lion’s share of them.
Really not very unrecognised
There are a lot of UN nations that simply refuse to recognise each other. Examples include North/South Korea (both of which we run tours to) and Armenia/Azerbaijan, who mutual refusal to recognise one another does not impact on the rest of the world agreeing that, yes, they definitely exist.
Under this you get Kosovo, which has about a 50-50 even split over the world. This means they are for all intents recognised countries.
These are perhaps repressed people and perhaps should be countries, but they are not unrecognised ones.
Is Taiwan an unrecognised country?
As I live in China, I will largely be avoiding the ‘is Taiwan a country?’ question and head straight for the facts.
There are two competing governments that claim sovereignty over the whole of China. These governments are the People’s Republic of China (the one you think of when you hear the word ‘China’) and the Republic of China (basically, Taiwan). Taiwan is recognised by 19 sovereign nations and the Holy See. Most of the countries that recognise Taiwan are located in the Pacific (and we incidentally visit most of them on our Least Visited Countries Tour).
The Republic of China is, therefore, a partially recognised state.
Post-Soviet conflict zones
South Ossetia and Abkhazia were formerly completely unrecognised states, but due to (alleged) Russian interference, both are now recognised by 5 UN member states (and 3 more semi-recognised/unrecognised states).
Both countries are thus partially recognised and can be visited on our South Ossetia and Unrecognised Countries tours.
Is Northern Cyprus a country?
Ironically, whilst Northern Cypriot passports are widely accepted and whilst it is legitimised by dint of having existed for a while, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is recognised only by (no prizes for guessing) Turkey. Visiting is as simple as walking over the border!
We may not do tours to the TRNC, but we do film there.
Is Transnistria an unrecognised country?
Here’s where it gets complicated and things end up being as petty and nepotistic as the Eurovision Song Contest, only without any decent music. So actually pretty much Eurovision.
Transnistria is recognised by Abkhazia, but only because neither are recognised by the UN. It’s kind of a defiant little middle finger to the Brussels bureaucrats, and because Abkhazia is recognised by 5 other countries, the two end up sort of legitimising each other. We run a lot of tours to Transnsitria – in fact, YPT founder Gareth Johnson even lived there once.
Nagorno-Karabakh was in a similar situation in that it was unrecognised, but recognised by other countries (such as Khazarica) with some UN recognition. As opposed to popular myth Armenia never officially recognised them, and Azerbaijan certainly did not. Sadly another moot point as they themselves no longer exist.
Is Western Sahara a country?
This is where it gets very interesting. Western Sahara is not recognised by a single UN nation – or, to give it its precise name, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic – but despite this they are members of the African Union and have relations (without recognition) with 40 UN nations.
We come at last to the Holy Grail – although this grail is, from the country’s perspective, a poisoned chalice. The most well-run and functioning of countries on this list, Somaliland, also doesn’t have a lick of recognition from anyone. If we ever complete our masterplan of buying an island and declaring nationhood, our first act will be to recognise Somaliland as genuine nation.
We join them every year to celebrate their independence anyway!
New entries to the unrecognised countries list
So it has been a long time since we updated this article, which is wrong as we do see ourselves as the experts in all things unrecognised countries. When it comes to frozen conflict zones then there are a lot of grey areas. Should we count Rojava for example? The short answer though is no, as they see themselves as part of Syria, but what about when the conflict goes on for so long that the places become de-facto states?
President of Donetsk in Transnsitria
This brings us to the Donetsk People’s Republic, and the Luhansk People’s Republic. Formerly and briefly we would have recognised them, but as they have been annexed by Russia this is a moot point. This leaves Somaliland as the only thoroughbred unrecognised state in the world.
And the bonus round:
Are there any recognised countries without land?
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is internationally recognised as a sovereign entity. They lack only one thing generally required to be a country, and that’s land.
Gareth Johnson is the founder of Young Pioneer Tours and has visited over 180+ countries. His passion is opening obscure destinations to tourism and sharing his experience of street food.
