Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is an extraordinary tropical fruit known for its immense size, unique taste, and versatility. Native to South and South-East Asia, particularly India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Thailand, Jackfruit has been cultivated for thousands of years and is deeply embedded in local cuisines and traditions. It is known as, “Nangka” in Malaysia/Singapore/Indonesia, “Khanun” in Thailand, and “Mít” in Vietnam.
Historical Significance
Jackfruit has a rich history dating back centuries. There is some debate regarding its precise origin. While many sources suggest that it originated in the rainforests of the Western Ghats in India, others argue that Malaysia is its true place of origin. Given the widespread presence of Jackfruit across South and South-East Asia for millennia, it is likely that the fruit evolved naturally in multiple tropical regions and was later spread by human cultivation. Ancient Indian texts, such as the Ayurveda, mention Jackfruit for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Over time, Jackfruit made its way to different parts of the world through traders, explorers, and maritime expeditions.
One intriguing historical connection is its possible association with Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho), the great Chinese explorer of the 15th century. Zheng He (Cheng Ho) led vast naval expeditions across the Indian Ocean, reaching as far as Africa and the Middle East. His travels were documented by Ma Huan, a Chinese travel writer who accompanied him. In his writings, Ma Huan described Admiral Zheng He’s (Cheng Ho) sampling of Jackfruit in Vietnam, noting that it contained “morsels of yellow flesh, as big as hen’s eggs and tasting like honey.” This description highlights the fruit’s rich, sweet flavour and remarkable aroma, which likely impressed Chinese travellers of the time.
Botanical and Nutritional Profile
Jackfruit belongs to the Moraceae family, which also includes breadfruit and figs. It is the largest tree-borne fruit in the world, with some specimens weighing up to 80 pounds (36 kg). The fruit has a thick, spiky green rind and contains multiple bulbous, yellow pods inside, which are sweet and fragrant.
Nutritionally, Jackfruit is a powerhouse. It is rich in:
- Vitamin C – Strengthens the immune system
- Potassium – Supports heart health
- Fibre – Aids digestion
- Antioxidants – Helps combat oxidative stress
- Protein – Higher than most fruits, making it a great plant-based protein source
Culinary Uses and Economic Importance
Jackfruit is highly versatile and can be consumed in different forms:
- Ripe Jackfruit – Eaten fresh or used in desserts, smoothies, and jams. Jackfruit Dessert.
- Unripe (Young) Jackfruit – Cooked as a meat substitute in curries, stews, and vegan dishes due to its fibrous texture. See how to cook raw Jackfruit Curry.
- Jackfruit Seeds – Boiled, roasted, or ground into flour for culinary use. Eating Jackfruit Seeds.
In recent years, Jackfruit has gained global popularity as a sustainable meat alternative, particularly in vegan and vegetarian diets. Due to its fast-growing nature and high yield, it is considered a potential solution for food security in tropical regions.
Cultural and Religious Significance
Jackfruit holds an important place in the traditions of many Asian cultures. In India, it is regarded as a sacred fruit and often used in religious offerings. In Thailand and Indonesia, it is commonly featured in traditional dishes and ceremonies. Its durability and nutrient density have made it a survival food in times of scarcity.
Final Thoughts
Jackfruit is truly one of nature’s most fascinating gifts. Whether enjoyed fresh, cooked, or processed
into new forms, it offers remarkable nutritional benefits and culinary versatility. Ma Huan’s account
of Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho) encountering Jackfruit and describing it as tasting “like honey” is a
testament to the fruit’s historical significance and enduring appeal. While its exact origin remains
debated between the Western Ghats of India and Malaysia, what is undeniable is its deep-rooted
presence in South and South-East Asian cultures. Today, as global interest in sustainable and plant-
based foods rises, Jackfruit continues to captivate the world with its extraordinary properties.
You could try Jackfruit, Snake Fruit, Durian(King of Fruits), or Mangosteen (Queen of Fruits) on YPT’s
Tours of South-East Asia.
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